Computing Architectures

An organization s computer network is a major asset and needs extensive planning for proper function. The network design process is a long and arduous task that requires knowledge of the business need of the organization and the technical skills to achieve those needs. The network designer must first address the major problem of what architecture should be employed in a particular network. The distributed approach and central approach are the two possible choices a network designer has to choose from. Background of Central & Distributed ArchitecturesThere are two mainframe architectures for a network Central and Distributed. Both architectures employ mainframe computers that hold massive amounts of data, which are accessed by terminals, and whose location is not important to an end-user. An example would be an airline reservation system. Reservation data can be read and changed by an airline clerk, which is then sent to the mainframe to be updated. The system is updated in microseconds so another user does not see old information. The central architecture consists of one storage computer that holds data, whereas the distributed architecture consists of two or more, smaller mainframes physically separated to serve the same purpose. Advantages and Disadvantages of Central vs. Distributed Data StorageAdvantages of Central Architecture: less maintenance and changes must only be reflected at one site. Less maintenance is required on the overall network because there is only one mainframe, whereas in the distributed approach there are more mainframes to maintain. Secondly, changes that are entered into the system by a user need to be updated only at one mainframe instead of being changed at more than one. For example, John has made a reservation at 8:00 AM for Monday to mainframe A and currently it is updating itself. At the same time Linda is accessing mainframe B, which is not updated yet. She sees the 8:00 AM slot for Monday as open and reserves it for her customer. The data is now corrupt. This is a very simple example of what can happen with the distributed architecture. With the central architecture the data is updated in one place, leaving no room for error. Disadvantages of the Central Architecture: A higher load on the network is incurred due to having only one central data access point. Second, there is no data redundancy, which means, if the one mainframe goes down the network goes down. Third, unauthorized access would yield more data to a hacker compared to the distributed approach. Advantages of Distributed Architecture: more redundancy since there are more mainframes with same data, more secure because a hacker doesn t have access to all the data, and less susceptible for entire network to go down since all data is not stored in one place. Disadvantages of Distributed Architecture: More maintenance is required because there are more mainframes and data updates must be updated on more than one mainframe as stated earlier. Value of ProjectThe value of the project is enormous due to the information technology being a major asset for a company. Data retrieval and transportation is a vital part of most organizations and a must for a company to do business on any scale. That is why a network architecture decision must be made for the best data transfer method. The wrong choice will be a tremendous liability to an organization for two reasons: an undertaking of this kind is expensive and a network must grow as it gets older-meaning it must be planned out from the start correctly or else it will be of no worth later on. Methodology in Evaluation of Client Sever vs. Mainframe ArchitectureThe network designer has a set of predefined characteristics in order to choose the correct architecture for a particular network including: the physical size of the network, cost, efficiency, and performance. These are general determinants that must be taken into consideration before an architecture is chosen. SizeGenerally, a network that would reach globally, carry variable sized data, and have many users in different locations would be better suited for a distributed approach. The central approach would be ideal for a small branch office to a statewide network, with a maximum number of users at 1000, and carry continuous or steady traffic. CostA larger global network would be less concerned with cost, whereas a smaller network would be more concerned with it. Cost depends on the scale, amount of data that will be transmitted, complexity of work, etc. An installation of a network usually involves outside contractors with the aid of in-house network operators. The least cost will be determined by adding up work done by the outside vendors, equipment, software, consulting time, and proposals from different bidders. EfficiencyA standard measure in telecommunications is the 99% quality measure. A network should be totally operable, even if it is down 99% of a year. This can be tested before the installation takes place by running tests and simulations by vendors who are attempting to gain your business. PerformancePerformance will be reflected by the throughput of the network. How fast can data be delivered across the line to from the sender to the destination This will vary from the type of protocol used in both architectures depending on the type of data to be transported. This can also be tested with simulations.

My First Summer In The Sierra By John Muir Essay

John Muir’s view of the sierras was filled with the high, cool, and green pastures of the peaking mountains, with forest belts that show the melting snow, and with shining streams to be crossed. The foothills show bushes, trees (usually oak trees), and slate. There were Sabine pines that peak from the southwest side, along small fields and vineyards that were marked by falls and streams. The Horseshoe bend was really glorious. As pictured, Horseshoe Bend came full in sight—a glorious wilderness that seemed to be calling with a thousand songful voices. Bold, down-seeping slopes, feathered with pines and clumps of Manzanita with sunny, open spaces between them, make up most of the foreground; the middle and background present fold beyond fold of finely modeled hills and ridges rising into maintain-like masses in the divine landscape-countenance are so burned into mind and heart they surely can never grow dim. This type of view had a great impact on the flock of sheep, as it enjoyed plenty of green grass. This is shown in the following lines: â€Å"The sheep, now grassy and good-natured, slowly nibbled their way down into the valley of the North Fork. † The surrounding beauty did not only have strong impact on the flock but, most of all, to Muir: How deep our sleep last night in the mountain’s heart, beneath the trees and stars, hushed by solemn-sounding waterfalls and many small soothing voices in sweet accord whispering peace! And our first pure mountain day, warm, calm, cloudless, –how immeasurable it seems, how serenely wild! (Muir 1998, 32) For Muir, the appeal of the mountains seemed to converge down to his very soul†¦ leaving him moments of glory that touched his mind and heart for the majestic scene of nature. Later in life, Muir protected the Hetch-Hetchy Valley in a seven-year environmental struggle that centered on gaining water rights on the said valley. Muir correctly predicted that the building of a dam would be unsightly to have a lake around the perimeter; yet his struggle ended up to be a breakdown, with the signing of the Raker Act in 1913. BIBLIOGRAPHY â€Å"Hetch Hetchy Valley. † Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia (2008). Database on-line. Muir, John. My First Summer in the Sierra. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Books, 1998.

Art History Midterm Essay Example for Free

Art History Midterm Essay The tomb painters were more of artisans than they were artists in ancient Egypt. The reason for this is they didn’t typically come up with the ideas for what they were painting in the tombs; they were told what to paint and painted it. Artists would have had free range on what to paint rather than being told what to paint exactly. Artisans are more the people who can actually paint someone’s idea who might not be able to design or paint the idea given. One rationale reason for cave paintings in prehistoric times, that I have heard and agree with is that they painted these things on the walls in hope that the creatures would come so they would have food among other things. One particular example would be all the paintings in the Las Caux cave in France; it is a cave entirely full of images of bulls. Bulls or bison were a source of not only food but probably clothing and they could use other parts of the body for various things. These animals were extremely important for their culture to survive. I believe they painted them on the walls not only to honor the creatures for all they did to help their people but also as wishful thinking. It’s the whole â€Å"if you build it they will come† idea, if the people painted these animals maybe something miraculously would help their hunting season better. This theory helps show how they believed in gods and looked for help from a higher being just like we do now. 3. During ancient times goddess statues were extremely popular all over the then world. One of the most famous goddess statues is the Venus of Willendorf. She is the very first goddess statue that has been found and dates back to 24,000 bce. She is a very small pudgy statue with and large female areas; her face is not there and is replaces with grooves. The statue has no feet and cannot stand on its own. The way that the statue was created shows the importance of fertility and women by not only the enlarged breast but the wide hips that would be of assistance when it comes to giving birth. They most likely used this little statue to wish new couples luck when it comes to reproducing and it was a fertility statue. Modern day has a much different view on our â€Å"goddess† culture. People nowadays look up to Barbie dolls and stick thin models and celebrities. So much has changed since then. The prehistoric times and even up until more recent times believed that fuller women were beautiful and even that it showed wealth. I think that our culture looks up to the wrong people when it comes to our versions of a â€Å"goddess culture†. One Mesopotamian civilization that I like is Babylon. It was a land in the Fertile Crescent between the rivers like most civilizations in that time period. They had one of the most influential and important leaders, Hammurabi, who came up with one of the most well known set of laws or Hammurabi’s code. Babylon also was the home of one of the Seven Wonders of the World the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Babylon was a very well set up society and really changed the way people governed their civilizations. They were one of the first cultures to write down their set of rules and stick by them through thick and thin and that was entirely new. Question 1: When it comes to restoring artwork it is a tricky subject. I think that they should restore art but not add anything to it because it makes it a different then it was originally portrayed. I think restoring the art so it is in full form is ideally good because we want future generations to see the pieces of art the way they were meant to be viewed. I mean yes, it is using a lot of time and a lot of hours to be fixing something that is broken and old, but it’s our history. If these artifacts were not there we would have no look into our past and how people lived. People should fix up old paintings, statues and buildings because not only is it part of history but it’s incredible to see how people could build such magnificent things without the technology we have today. It makes people appreciate what they have now and all the advances we have gone through. When it is 300,000 years from now and out pictures and buildings are slowly falling apart we would want someone to take their time and interest to fix up something that we once held as a huge part of our lives and our society. If the paintings, statues and buildings were built and built so beautifully they were made that way for a reason. Art is art and I think we should do everything humanly possible to keep this world as beautiful through the decades as it was meant to be when they first were displayed. Art History Midterm. (2018, Oct 30).

Discuss the significance an dramatic purposes of Lodovico (Othello) Essay

Discuss the significance an dramatic purposes of Lodovico (Othello) - Essay Example The play revolves around the following main characters. Othello- who is the Moor, Desdemona-wife to Othello and Brabantio daughter, lago -ensign to Othello and husband to Emilia, Cassio-lieutenant to Othello and Brabantio, who a venetian senator and Desdemona’s father as well as brother to Gratiano. Lodovico is a minor character. He is a kinsman to Brabantio and a cousin to Desdemona. Below is a discussion on the significance and dramatic importance of Lodovico as a character in Othello. The other minor characters in the play are Duke of Vernice, Clown, Montano and Gratiano. Despite being a minor character, Lodovico’s role cannot be dismissed. Lodovico’s main role is found in scene 1 Act IV. In the novel, Lodovico appears for the first time as Cyprus manager from the Duke of Venice in Act IV, scene one. After enquiring about the situation on the island, he witnesses the striking of Desdemona by her husband Othello. He asks the rhetorical question, whether that was the noble person that every one regarded as sufficient for all. (IV. i. 265-266). Since he is an impartial observer, his statement emphasizes the dramatic transference that Othello has gone under suffering in lago’s spell. In the play, Lodovico acts as a Brabantio’s kinsmen. Brabantio is the father to Desdemona’s. He witnesses Othello’s jealousy. This is evident when Desdemona says she has â€Å"love for Cassio†. When Othello hears that, he interprets that his wife means that she is involved romantically with Cassio. Othello’s wife only means that she was deeply concerned with Cassio, and there was no romance involved. Lodovico also serves as a witness to Othello’s actions when Othello Desdemona is hit by Othello in the eyes of Lodovico. This makes Lodovico doubt Othello’s sanity and behavior. In addition, Lodovico witnesses Othello’s arrest when it was realized that he had murdered Desdemona. Lodovico having no idea of lago’s intentions, thinks that Othello is

Nuclear Energy and the Environment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuclear Energy and the Environment - Article Example It is worth mentioning that the government of the US, both at Federal and State levels, has formulated and implemented few regulations in order to protect the environment from the lethal consequences of nuclear energy production. The US had 104 commercial nuclear reactors located in different regions of the country, which supplies nearly 20% of its total electricity requirements. However, it cannot be denied that the radioactive emissions released during the process of nuclear energy production are indeed life-threatening, accompanied with water pollution and air pollution, often accounted for causing early aging and cancer like diseases. It other words, radioactive emissions seriously disrupt the overall balance of the ecosystem. The threat associated with the nuclear fission reaction, in terms of radioactive emissions has not been limited to the US only but has emerged as a serious problem across the globe. The recent incidents in Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plan t that occurred in March 2011, owing to the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami, have extensively raised questions regarding the environmental safety of nuclear plants. This particular occurrence in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has underscored many of the safety arguments advocated against establishing a nuclear plant. It can be number of incidents where environment and lives of human beings were under severe threat due to the nuclear disaster before the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant occurred... However, it cannot be denied that the radioactive emissions released during the process of nuclear energy production are indeed life-threatening, accompanied with water pollution and air pollution, often accounted for causing early aging and cancer like diseases. It other words, radioactive emissions seriously disrupt the overall balance of eco-system2. The threat associated with the nuclear fission reaction, in terms of radioactive emissions has not been limited to the US only, but has emerged as a serious problem across the globe. The recent incidents in Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant that occurred in March 2011, owing to the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami,  have extensively raised questions regarding the environment safety of nuclear plants. This particular occurrence in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant has underscored many of the safety arguments advocated against establishing a nuclear plant3. It can be number of incidents where environment and lives of human beings were under severe threat due to the nuclear disaster, before the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant occurred. The US has also witnessed nuclear disaster over the last decades. Accordingly, it has been ascertained that the nuclear power plant have laid significant impacts on the nearby areas in the form of water pollution, air pollution and radioactive waste generation4. DIABLO CANYON POWER PLANT IN CALIFORNIA AND ENVIRONMENT Diablo Canyon Power Plant (DCPP) is a nuclear power plant located at Avila Beach in San Luis Obispo region of California in USA. This plant generates nuclear energy to meet the electricity demand for millions of customers. DCPP supplies nearly 9.3% of California’s

Writing assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Writing assignment - Research Paper Example It has often been said that the best way to end up with the worst people in your firm or business is to announce that the firm is laying off people. This ensures that the best people make an exit for the door and as Pfeffer points out, many firms rehire them simply because they cannot afford to lose those people. This is the morale factor. However, there are other factors as well which include the effect on a firm’s profitability (not profits) and its attitude towards its customers (particularly for service sector companies). All these factors make laying off people not that much of an attractive proposition and as Pfeffer points out, there might be other ways to beat the downturn apart from laying off people. Given the fact that the article was written in 2010 (at the peak of the Great Recession), there are some points in the article and Pfeffer’s recommendations that can be implemented by the firms and businesses. However, this is not to say that the entire set of recommendations are realistic when one takes into account the fact that many firms, in order to simply survive in the current economic climate need to cut jobs. The reason for downsizing becoming attractive is that the share of the service sector in the overall economy has gone up drastically in the last few decades. Since the service sector primarily relies on people and the costs of payroll and perks are the major chunk of the overall costs, there is indeed a case to be made for layoffs. Though as Pfeffer says when people are our main assets, why lose them. The point here is that one needs to take a nuanced approach towards Pfeffer’s recommendations and take those among them that make business sense. Without re sorting to emotional factors, Pfeffer has convincingly shown that layoffs do not make business sense as well. Maybe it is time for firms to look at financial optimization

News Paper article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Paper - Article Example l honors and awards this year which include: Honor Student, Outstanding Student Council Service, National Junior Honor Society, Million Word Reader for the 2008-2009 School Year, an excellent overall result on her 2009 CRCT test and now, the recipient of the Stephen Foundation Essay Contest. Alicia Hampton is the daughter of Kevin T. and Sonya Hampton and her proud grandparents are Arnett and Mary Ann Williams of Whigham Georgia. Alicia is also an outstanding student, attending Whigham Elementary School and maintaining her name on the Honor Roll List. She has been an outstanding student and has now contributed to her awards with the 2009 Stephen Foundation Essay Contest. The Foundation is proud of the accomplishments of these two outstanding students and applaud their efforts for researching their work well and for closely following the instructions for the essay. The two students will not only be honored with the award, but will each receive a mini-laptop, a $500 check, and a backpack full of school supplies that will last throughout the

Personal statement for applying for Dental School

For applying for Dental School - Personal Statement Example The challenging environment offered by dentistry, I believe will keep my mind active and sharp while its ever re-inventive field will quench my scientific thirst. The field of dentistry involves professionalism and at the same time keeping distressed persons calm. I strongly believe that I can be very good at it due to my compassionate nature and ability to create a relationship with people easily. This is a trait that comes naturally to me as my mother insists that the key to helping other people is not just hearing what they say but listening to them. Out of experience I feel that creating a rapport to comfort patients will be an easy task for me. I usually a get nervous easily before I engage in something but this has taught me to always cheer up and prepare for the situation thoroughly to avoid any mistakes. I have come to learn that thorough explanation reduces the anxiety of the nervous people, so as I prepare intensively for the situation, I will be gaining more information to quell the anxiety of the patients. To gain a better insight into the exciting world of dentistry, I spend several hours visiting dentistry settings and asking questions in my pre-dental club in the University of Alabama at Birmingham and volunteering in dental clinics. In this club, we have various speakers in the dentistry profession who are fun to listen to. I find all work in the field of dentistry fascinating; from implants to orthodontics and I have realized that a relationship between the patient and the dentist is important in this field. I do not have a problem creating a personal relationship with patients as I am a sociable person who enjoys one on one conversation. I can also speak Korean and will be able to interact with Korean patients deeply. Nothing would give me more satisfaction than seeing the patients satisfied. After talking and volunteering to various practising dentists I have to realize that it can

Laundered Clothes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laundered Clothes - Essay Example Sometimes I feel that, even doing this is quite a chore! Well can you imagine how it must have been a hundred-and-fifty years' back, when there were no washing machines, no detergent powder (only cakes of soap) and no electric irons Well, let's cut back to 1858 Monday used to be weekly washing day. The washing process being a long one, it was necessary to allot a full day to it. Most homes tried to keep enough linen to keep them going through the week. (Old and Interesting) The coloured and the whites are separated the previous night, and the whites are soaked in water to loosen the dirt. On washing day, the clothes-both coloured and whites-are sorted out again. Those which are really dirty, oily or sweat-stained, including those whites which have been soaked the previous night, are soaked again in a large tub of a solution of soda bicarbonate (washing soda) and water. (WiseGEEK). Hot water was used if the clothes/ household linen were really dirty. Soda bi-carb was available in a powder form (it is a white powder) from the local grocery store. Alternately, some housewives boiled the clothes in a large metal pot, in water containing soda-bicarb. The pot was stirred with a long stick, and a large fork used to be used to handle the boiled clothes. Next, the clothes were individually washed with cakes of lye soap, by being beaten onto a serrated washboard, by hand, or sometimes a flat wooden bat was used to beat the clothes. (Old and Interesting) Homes which didn't have a washboard, just used a flat, wooden board or a hard, flat stone. Collars, cuffs and hems (dresses were long then) needed special attention to get dirt out; likewise delicate clothes with lace had to be handled gently. After this, the clothes were rinsed out in clean water. Several rinses had to be done in tubs of water kept alongside in a row, till the water ran clean from the clothes. Then the whites had to be 'whitened'. For this, washing blue (made of indigo) (Old and Interesting) was used. Washing blue was bought from the corner store, in little blue chunks. A chunk was tied in a linen cloth and dipped into a clean bucket of water. The water turned blue from this. To this was added starch and mixed well. Whites dipped into this came out starched and sparkling. As more and more clothes were dipped into the starch-blue solution, the solution itself had to be strengthened by adding more starch and blue. Care had to be taken to mix the starch well into the water so that the solution was not lumpy. Starch was not always available in the market, a hundred years back. It could be prepared at home by cooking corn flour in water, which yielded a sticky, viscous liquid, which was added to the water to p repare the starch water. The coloured clothes received the same starching as the whites did, except that the starch solution did not contain the blue. Personal linen (underwear) did not need starching, of course. After the starching, the clothes were wrung out (if too heavily wrung, they would lose all starch) and hung out on clothes-lines to dry. Wooden clothes-pegs were used to ensure that the clothes did not fly off the lines. While hanging them out, care had to be taken to see that they were sufficiently 'spread out', for one layer of wet starched cloth could get stuck to another. White clothes could be hung out in the sun, but not the coloureds, at least not in strong sunshine. Warm weather helped in drying out the clothes

Stranger on a Train - Alfred Hitchcock Essay Example for Free

Stranger on a Train Alfred Hitchcock Essay The very first scene when Bruno meets Guy, Bruno is depicted as a baddy by having shadows of blinds cast across his face. These symbolised the bars of a prison. There also is a close up shot of his shoes, which shows them as being very expensive and posh. In Medcafe, when Guy meets his wife Miriam to have the meeting with the counsellor, it is based in a very sinister environment in a music shop. This is when Miriam cheats on Guy and says that she is going to stay married to him. When Bruno visits Guy on the evening of the murder outside Guys house, they both end up standing and talking to each other behind a barred gate from the cameras point of view. It is at this point when Guy calls Bruno crazy. Bruno begins to invade Guys life after murdering Miriam, as he wants Guy to kill his father. Bruno has a close up shot done of his hands when his mother is acting as though she is his servant and this shows that Bruno has no respect for his mother, but more than his father. This is shown when Bruno says that his mothers painting looks just like his father. Brunos mothers painting is very strange and sinister, and could symbolise that Brunos mother has a twisted mind too. While Bruno is at his house we also see him dressed in an expensive silk dressing gown, which symbolises his wealth. He also has a personalised tie and very smart suit, which he says he doesnt like but his mother bought for him so he wears it to impress her. Bruno always wears a hat but Guy never does. This is because the hat causes a shadow to be cast across his face, which shades his eyes. Bruno first meets Guys family and friends at a tennis match and he pretends he is Guys friend and his admirer. Anne Morton then begins to wonder about him as he keeps staring at Barbara and her glasses. Guy gets a package delivered to him, which contains a gun and a plan of Brunos house to show where Brunos Fathers bedroom is. Guy next sees Bruno at a party where all his friends and family and acquaintances are. Here Bruno starts a conversation with a lady about how to murder someone without other people hearing or seeing. He then says he will show her how to, and when he goes to demonstrate it he sees Barbara, who looks like Miriam and falls into a trance. Anne Morton worked out that it was Bruno who murdered Miriam and wanted to go to the police but Guy explained that he couldnt tell the police because Bruno would say that they had planned it together. Anne Morton then went to Brunos house to try and explain to Brunos mother that she had a lunatic for a son but Brunos mother would not hear a bad word against him. So Guy phoned Bruno to tell him that he would kill his father and agreed on the date as that night. When Guy arrived at Brunos House he followed the instructions to get to Brunos fathers room and once there he woke up Brunos father. Brunos father, it turned out, was not at home that night but instead, Guy found Bruno lying there and had an argument; Bruno said he would get Guy caught somehow. Guy explained this to Anne Morton and they remembered that Bruno had Guys lighter. Anne and Guy came up with a plan to give the police the slip and get to the fairground before Bruno and stop him framing Guy. The plan would only work really well they decided, if Guy won the first three sets of the tennis competition, but the plan went wrong as Guy was beginning to get tired. He finally won the tennis match and got away temporarily from the police but not successfully. The police caught up with Guy and tried to take him back to jail but Guy and Bruno started to have a fight on the merry-go-round at the fairground. Here Bruno wants revenge so much because Guy has not killed his father you can see it in his eyes and the way he acts, he is so eager to get back at Guy. The man in charge of the boating lake pointed out the man who he had seen follow Miriam onto the boating lake and the police assumed it was Guy but when the got hold of Guy the man corrected them and said it was Bruno not Guy. Even when Bruno was lying dying on the destroyed merry-go-round he was still trying to get Guy into trouble and it was only when he finally died that the police believed Guy and found Guys lighter in Brunos hand.

Marketing Mixes For Coca Cola Marketing Essay

Marketing Mixes For Coca Cola Marketing Essay Sustainable competitive advantage is the focal point of a corporate strategy. It allows the maintenance and improvement of an enterprises competitive position in the market. It is an advantage that enables business to survive against its competition over a long period of time. A competitive advantage is an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices. Porter identified two basic types of competitive advantage and cost advantage. See (Appendix 1). When an organisation introduces a product into a market they must consider: who is the product aimed at, what benefit will customers expect, how does the firm plan to position the product within the market and what differential advantage will the product offer over their competitors. Kotler suggested that a product should be viewed in three levels, see (Appendix 2) The concept of the products life cycle is rooted in the fact that technology and consumer tastes take time to adapt to new products and are always changing. As such, when a new product is introduced, it takes some time to be widely accepted, at which point its sales and revenues will begin to grow. This will attract other competitors into the market, cause the market to mature. Finally, the market will saturate and decline as companies begin to introduce the next product, and consumers switch to that product. See Coca Cola product life cycle in (Appendix 3) Coca Cola the market leader in providing different soft drink products like Coca Cola, Diet Coke, Fanta etc. there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organisation more strong. Coca Cola is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialised in soft and fizzy drinks. They have created good image in customers mind, their image is reputable and reliable, which took them years to build and it has been one of the most popular soft drinks available. Their brand and logo are never mistaken, which is why consumers feel comfortable in purchasing Coca-Cola products. Coca Cola can market too many different segments. For example, Coca Cola can market to teenagers much easier than older people. Distribution in marketing acts importantly to attract customers convenience therefore; the system of distribution of an organisation can show the key ability for the organisation. Two types of channel of distribution methods are available. Indirect distribution involves distributing product by the use of an intermediary. Direct distribution involves distributing direct from a manufacturer to the consumer. Distribution is beneath the group of place and therefore organisations build-up an accurate distribution method so that its easily accessible to the customers and it can improve possible sales for an organisation. See Coca Cola distribution channels in (Appendix 4). The Coca Cola Company sells its products by bottling and canning operations. The distributors reached the Coca Cola to the wholesalers and the wholesalers reached it to retailers, and at last the customers buy Coca Cola from retailer shop. If Coca Cola does not work on its distribution services and Coca Cola bottles are just accessible at their factories then consumers might not be enthusiastic to get them. Its more suitable for the consumer to purchase Coca Cola from a close by retailer as compared to getting it from factory. Therefore distribution system of an organisation can be both its weakness and strength. Companies make sure the availability of their products at retailer shops and stores where customers can easily purchase it. One of the aspects in the marketing mix is pricing. This part of the 7 Ps are the one creating revenue and which is also why it is important that an organisation chooses the correct price. Pricing is one of the most important elements of the Coca Cola marketing mix, which generates a turnover for them. Coca Cola can adopt a number of pricing strategies. The pricing strategies are based much on what objectives the company has set itself to achieve, see (Appendix 5). Due to the availability of wide range products the pricing is done according to the market and geographic segment. Each sub-brand of coca cola has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is based on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is the direct competitor to Coca Cola. The first thing that the Coca-Cola Company must do is select the pricing objective they believe will be most effective in distributing their brand to consumers. Coca-Cola use market-skimming pricing to do this. They use marketing-skimming as there is a sufficient number of buyers that have a high current demand, also Coca Cola sets an initial high price and then slowly lowers the price to make the product available to a wider market. Coca Cola Company has adopted penetration pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. Coca Cola use discount pricing, where their products are often market down during sale periods and special occasions. Also Coca Cola use competitor prici ng, where to meet the competition pricing, their products pricing are set around the same level as it competitors. Promotion being a feature of marketing mix consists of communication among the consumer and supplier of that product. Promotional activities are important factor because, these activities are performed in order to awake and aware the consumers about the product and it cover personal selling, adverting, publication relations, sales promotion, direct marketing etc. An advertisement, for instance helps a buyer to get to know about the company and it is products, this can be done by bill boards, banners or posters. The benefit of advertisement is that it informs people about different products and services, their utilities, cost and other requirements. The disadvantage is cost because advertising is more expansive. Personal selling is where businesses use people to sell the product after meeting face-to-face with the customer. Personal selling is one of the ways to keep good customers relationships, but this method is expensive. Sales promotion directly stimulates sales. It includes trade shows, contests, games ect. The advantage is that sales promotion can help companies to provide right information to customers, also it encourage repeat purchases and customer loyalty, but the advantages are that it increase price sensitivity and it is generally for a short duration Public relations play an important role in promotion. It can be used to create a good image of the company for example magazines, TV or radio etc. PR is inexpensiveness of the cost, but it is hard to predict about the responses and it increase the risk. Direct marketing is where a company selling their products directly to people such as fliers or street advertising. It allow to target specific customer and it can be measureable, but it is hard to get as immediate of an impact when using direct marketing and it can be quite expansive. Coca Cola use many methods of advertisement and the company spends a significant amount of money in order to be seen on billboards, radio, magazines, television, and on the internet. Coca cola adopts a range of advertising and promotional strategies to create an increased demand in the market by associating with life style and behaviour and mainly targeting value based advertising. The Coca cola Company uses advertising as its main source of increasing consumer awareness. It mainly uses the television; this source allows the companys products to reach a large audience. Coca Cola also uses the radio as another source of advertisement and this is a cheaper source then TV. They also use personal selling. The company has a highly trained sales team, which acts as a representative of the company to the retailers. This strategy helps to maintain service and product loyalty. Marketing mix has three additional elements: People, Process and Physical Evidence People are one of the elements of service marketing mix. People define a service. This refers to the people who are in direct contact with the customer such as staff. One of the crucial parts in selling a product is the staff and its service as lot of people rely on a good service before buying a product. Example, the employees in Coca Cola Company have a standard uniform. The company specially focuses on friendly and prompt service to its customers from their employees. The employees are part time workers and full time workers. The process of the product is essential in marketing. This determines the capability of the product to supply the demand of the consumers. The process at Coca Cola Company is transparent and hidden (the whole process is not visible to the customers). Coca Cola has a number of processes which is involves bottling and labelling solutions. The most important stage that Coca Cola consider is control of the company to get products at the agreed time and good quality, and the last step they consider is, the selling of beverage for target customers of distributors. Physical evidence: This is an important part where consumers will base their decisions based on the service which intangible. Companies physical evidence is supported by signs, symbols and artefacts of the business itself. Examples of this would be the signage in Coca Cola which reassures the consumer through branding. Coca Cola Company is focusing on target market; when it markets a product it mainly consider on demographic and physiographic segmentations; where demographic segment before it markets it identify the consumer groups in: age, sex, education, race, and occupation, and in physiographic it divides the market into different levels as: lower class, middle class, and upper class to identify their customers. Coca Cola segments different ages. The company focus on whole population in the world, but young generation is the target marketed of the company. Also Coca Cola segments different income levels by packing. For small income people it has small returnable glass bottle, for middle people it has small non returnable bottle and for higher income people it has Coke Tin. Marketing mix for Diet Coke: Coca Cola developed a new product. This product is a diet drink by the name of Diet Coke. They have designed the marketing mix of product which is in detail below: Product: Diet Coke is a very fresh and tasty diet drink. This new and fresh drink is made to provide the consumers with energetic feel with taste as well. Diet Coke is available in different sizes of which start from 330ml 2L bottle. This drink is mainly for the female teenagers from age 16 24. Price: Price of Diet Coke is very reasonable as compared to its major competitors. Its 330ml bottle is for 65p and 2L bottle is for  £1.98 in Tesco. Place: placement has an important role to play in the products success and failure. That is why the company makes sure that the Diet Coke is place in such a way in market that its in reach of every customer. They have very strong distribution channel and their product is available on maximum stores in the city. Promotion: For a product of such high standards like Diet Coke it requires good promotional activities. For this purpose the Coca Cola Company have chosen following promotional tools: for advertisement the company have use different types of media like television, newspaper, magazines, internet and radio. There are some characteristics to a service such as: lack of ownership, intangibility and inseparability. Each of these taken into account when marketing a service, see (Appendix 6). A product is something which is tangible where as a service is intangible. A product is much easier than the service because after marketing and selling a product there is something tangible to be seen by the customers for they are satisfaction but in services they cannot because its intangible. Basically, the marketing of product is particularly focused on 4Ps in marketing mix namely product, price, place, and promotion. The Coca Cola Company analyse the major demand of their customers in order to find out a product that can respond the market demand. Firstly, Coca Cola Company focuses on the strength as well as eliminates the vulnerabilities of marketed products in order to improve products to meet customers demand as much as possible. Secondly, they focus on the pricing factor in product marketing because the price must be set to match with the purchasing power of a target group. The Coca Cola know the nature price of selling products. Thirdly, the Coca Cola focus on place because place of product marketing refers to distribution channels to deliver and sell the product to customers. Lastly, they create the promotion on the product in order to persuade customers and motivate the sale in a short term. On the other hand, a service is the action that provide for customers. The service marketing is generally use 7Ps which is extended from 4Ps by adding people, process and physical evidence. It is important for any service industry to employ appropriate staffs or people. Employing and training of staffs have good impact that is why the Coca Cola Company gives training to their staffs because most of customers will judge the quality of their service from staffs. Therefore, Coca Cola employ staffs that have good and interpersonal skills. The essay shows that marketing mix (4Ps and 7Ps) is a very important aspect of creating marketing strategy, also it is essential for a company to implement their marketing concept successfully. The Coca Cola Company develops their product or service to meet the customers needs and wants; then they seem into determining how their consumer going to receive the product and they consider direct or indirect channels of distribution. The Coca Cola Company will decide a price for their products that ensures a profit. Finally, they promote their product by using different advertising methods to attract customers.

Essay examples --

Traumatic Brain Injury: What happens to the blood-brain barrier? Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide for which there is no cure. Many patients who survive from TBI may experience permanent cognitive loss, behavioral issues, and emotional disturbances, which require daily medical or social attentions.[1, 2] It is believed that over 2% US population is experiencing TBI-associated disabilities which create an annual burden evaluated at $60 billion on direct (medical service) and indirect (loss of productivity) costs.[3, 4] Traumatic brain injury is complex which consists of a mechanical trauma (primary injury) and a resulting biochemical cascade (secondary injury), and lead to a wide diversity of symptoms.[5] The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized endothelial barrier which separates components of the circulating blood from neurons.[6] The BBB acts as the interface between the vascular system and the brain that restricts and regulates the exchange of substances.[7] The blood- brain barrier is responsible for the maintaining of homeostasis of the brain through regulating the chemical environment, the entry of xenobiotic and the immune cell transport.[8, 9] The concentration of water, ions, amino acids, hormones and neurotransmitters in the blood undergo fluctuations. If those fluctuations were allowed to occur in the brain it would lead to local disruption of signal propagation and uncontrolled neural activity.[8, 10] Interruption of cerebral blood flow would result in neuronal death.[11] The blood-brain barrier breakdown has often been documented in patients with TBI which may also be used as a biomarker in the clinic and drug trials.[12] The blood-brain barrier ... ...he activate local microglia.[63] Activated microglia can contribute to blood brain barrier opening.[64] Inflammation following blood brain barrier disruption after traumatic brain injury might be vital for the implementation of tissue repair and reorganization or even cell death.[65] Summary The pathological processes that develop following brain injury inevitably lead to neuronal death, which can be immediate or delayed. Blood brain barrier disruption, resulting in neuronal loss, might also influence the long-term traumatic brain injury complications which are characterized by neuronal death.[66, 67] Blood brain barrier breakdown is the central role of traumatic brain injury in the pathophysiology. Prevention of secondary damage following traumatic brain injury poses an important position in the treatment of traumatic brain injury or blood brain barrier breakdown.

Consequentialism, Deontology, and Inevitable Trade-offs :: Philosophy Essays

Consequentialism, Deontology, and Inevitable Trade-offs ABSTRACT: Recently, unrestrained consequentialism has been defended against the charge that it leads to unacceptable trade-offs by showing a trade-off accepted by many of us is not justified by any of the usual nonconsequenlist arguments. The particular trade-off involves raising the speed limit on the Interstate Highway System. As a society, we seemingly accept a trade-off of lives for convenience. This defense of consequentialism may be a tu quoque, but it does challenge nonconsequentialists to adequately justify a multitude of social decisions. Work by the deontologist Frances Kamm, conjoined with a perspective deployed by several economists on the relation between social costs and lives lost, is relevant. It provides a starting point by justifying decisions which involve trading lives only for other lives. But the perspective also recognizes that using resources in excess of some figure (perhaps as low as $7.5 million) to save a life causes us to forego other live-saving activiti es, thus causing a net loss of life. Setting a speed limit as low as 35 miles per hour might indeed save some lives, but the loss of productivity due to the increased time spent in travel would cost an even greater number of lives. Therefore, many trade-offs do not simply involve trading lives for some lesser value (e.g., convenience), but are justified as allowing some to die in order to save a greater number. It has long been one of the standard criticisms of consequentialist approaches to ethics that they too easily justify "trade-offs" that are morally unacceptable. The criticism which holds "the end justifies the means" philosophy inherent in consequentialism to be a source of great immorality is expressed, for example, in the famous scene from Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov. Remember how Alyosha reacts to the prospect offered by Ivan of a harmonious world order, a system that would bring about peace and rest and happiness for all men. A lovely idea, but the structure comes at the price of torturing one tiny child to death. And Alyosha will not consent to that "exchange." A consequentialist response to Alyosha's refusal to consent to trade the suffering and death of one innocent in exchange for universal harmony is that, in the present inharmonious order, many innocent children will die horribly, not just one. Alyosha's tender conscience will cost thousands of innocent children their lives. And so the debate continues. Recently, however, a proponent of consequentialism, Alastair Norcross, has sharpened the debate.

Better Mental Health Care Will Stop Senseless Shootings Essay -- Gun C

Gun control is a topic which has become highly politicized. Mental health is an issue that many people do not understand. The correlation between these two issues is one that many do not see. Shootings have been on the rise and no one can come up with a good reason why. That is where these two seemingly different issues become something that has more in common than most can see. For gun related violence, and violence in general, what is a good method of dealing with these issues and saving lives? Mental health care improvement or gun control? To get a better idea of the two different options and what they may look like, one has to look at the history. The history provides a basis for what has happened with this particular issue in the past and how that might relate to the issue in the future. Mental illness plagues one out of four American citizens. Mental illness varies greatly from person to person. The spectrum of mental illness includes many illnesses including, depression and anxiety as well as some more serious illnesses such as down syndrome. All mental illness plays a role in how this person is going to function in society. These individuals have unique needs and individual strengths that need evaluated for proper care. The early history of mental illness is bleak. The belief that anyone with a mental illness was possessed by a demon or the family was being given a spiritual punishment was the reason behind the horrific treatment of those with mental illness. These individuals were placed into institutions that were unhygienic and typically were kept in dark, cave like rooms away from people in the outside world. The institutions were not only dark and gross; they also used inhumane forms of treatment o... ...shington Times, 28 Oct. 2013. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. Leupo, Kimberly. "The History of Mental Illness." The History of Mental Illness. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. Pollack, Harold. "What Happened to U.S. Mental Health Care after Deinstitutionalization." Washingtonpost.com. N.p., 12 June 2013. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. Reed, Samantha. "How We Got Here: The History of Deinstitutionalization." Roosevelt Institute. N.p., 23 July 2010. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. "Reform Is Needed With The Mental Health Care System In America." Political News. N.p., 7 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. Sanburn, Josh. "Business & Money." Business Money Americas Gun Economy By the Numbers Comments. Time Magazine, 18 Dec. 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Sanger-Katz, Margot. "Why Improving Mental Health Would Do Little to End Gun Violence." National Journal (2013). Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.

Police and Evidence-based Policing Essay

Evidence-Based-Policing Written by Desiree Rosch Instructor Atthur Moghalu Introduction to Criminal Justice Evidence-based policing is a style of policing that uses research to create or change policies to increase effectiveness. Lawrence W Sherman, an academic criminologist, is credited with making the term Evidence-based Policing (EBP) popular. During a lecture Sherman stated, â€Å"Police practices should be based on scientific evidence about what works best. â€Å"Starting in the 1960s several organizations were formed to conduct studies on how to better prevent crime and increase the public’s confidence in law enforcement. The first of which was the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration created by Congress in 1969. There are many benefits to using an evidence-based policing stance, such as being able to see the actual results of your policies. This enables an agency to make necessary changes to the way they operate inorder to accomplish their missions more effectively, such as changing where and when units patrol certain areas. It also allows them to come up with completely new programs and procedures they may not have developed on their own. The disadvantage of using research to change the way a law enforcement agency operates is that those changes may be expensive to implement. The agency may even find that the way they approach a situation could be completely wrong according to the research. Another problem with an evidence-based policing system is that the results may be accurate for where the study took place, but may not reflect the samedata you would obtain in another area. Things like income, education levels, backgrounds, cultures, etc can influence the effectiveness of procedures based on studies in another location. The Kansas City Experiment in 1974 is the most well known example of studies done on law enforcement. The results of this study were not what researchers were expecting. The agency found that increased patrol units had no effect on either crimes committed or the public’s perception of how safe they were. These findings changed the way many agencies allot their patrol units. Another study conducted in Redlands, California was on the procedure of sending a follow up unit to make contact with a domestic violence victim after the initial call.

Pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes Essay

Gestational diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that is first recognized during pregnancy. The condition occurs in approximately 4% of all pregnancies. What Causes Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy Almost all women have some degree of impaired glucose intolerance as a result of hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. That means that their blood sugar may be higher than normal, but not high enough to have diabetes. During the later part of pregnancy (the third trimester), these hormonal changes place pregnant woman at risk for gestational diabetes. During pregnancy, increased levels of certain hormones made in the placenta (the organ that connects the baby by the umbilical cord to the uterus) help shift nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Other hormones are produced by the placenta to help prevent the mother from developing low blood sugar. They work by resisting the actions of insulin. Over the course of the pregnancy, these hormones lead to progressive impaired glucose intolerance (higher blood sugar levels). To try to decrease blood sugar levels, the body makes more insulin to get glucose into cells to be used for energy. Usually the mother’s pancreas is able to produce more insulin (about three times the normal amount) to overcome the effect of the pregnancy hormones on blood sugar levels. If, however, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to overcome the effect of the increased hormones during pregnancy, blood sugar levels will rise, resulting in gestational diabetes. Complications of Gestational Diabetes Diabetes can affect the developing fetus throughout the pregnancy. In early pregnancy, a mother’s diabetes can result in birth defects and an increased rate of miscarriage. Many of the birth defects that occur affect major organs such as the brain and heart. During the second and third trimester, a mother’s diabetes can lead to over-nutrition and excess growth of the baby. Having a large baby increases risks during labor and delivery. For example, large babies often require caesarean deliveries and if he or she is delivered vaginally, they are at increased risk for trauma to their shoulder. In addition, when fetal over-nutrition occurs and hyperinsulinemia  results, the baby’s blood sugar can drop very low after birth, since it won’t be receiving the high blood sugar from the mother. However, with proper treatment, you can deliver a healthy baby despite having diabetes. Risks for Gestational Diabetes: The following factors increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy Being overweight prior to becoming pregnant (if you are 20% or more over your ideal body weight) Being a member of a high risk ethnic group (Hispanic, Black, Native American, or Asian) Having sugar in your urine Impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (blood sugar levels are high, but not high enough to be diabetes) Family history of diabetes (if your parents or siblings have diabetes Previously giving birth to a baby over 9 pounds Previously giving birth to a stillborn baby Having gestational diabetes with a previous pregnancy Having too much amniotic fluid (a condition called polyhydramnios) Many women who develop gestational diabetes have no known risk factors. Gestational Diabetes Diagnosed: High risk women should be screened for gestational diabetes as early as possible during their pregnancies. All other women will be screened between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. To screen for gestational diabetes, you will take a test called the oral glucose tolerance test. This test involves quickly drinking a sweetened liquid, which contains 50g of sugar. The body absorbs this sugar rapidly, causing blood sugar levels to rise within 30-60 minutes. A blood sample will be taken from a vein in your arm 1 hour after drinking the solution. The blood test measures how the sugar solution was metabolized (processed by the body). A blood sugar level greater than or equal to 140mg/dL is recognized as abnormal. If your results are abnormal based on the oral glucose tolerance test, another test will be given after fasting for several hours. In women at high risk of developing gestational diabetes, a normal screening test result is followed up with another screening test at 24-28 weeks f or confirmation of the diagnosis. Gestational diabetes is managed by: Monitoring blood sugar levels four times per day before breakfast and 2 hours after meals. Monitoring blood sugar before all meals may also become necessary. Monitoring urine for ketones, an acid that indicates your diabetes is not under control. Following specific dietary guidelines as instructed by your doctor. You’ll be asked to distribute your calories evenly throughout the day. Exercising after obtaining your health care provider’s permission. Monitoring weight gain. Taking insulin, if necessary. Insulin is currently the only diabetes medication used during pregnancy. Controlling high blood pressure. Monitor Sugar Levels Testing your blood sugar at certain times of the day will help determine if your exercise and eating patterns are keeping your blood sugar levels in control, or if you need extra insulin to protect your developing baby. Your health care provider will ask you to maintain a daily food record and ask you to record your home sugar levels. Testing your blood sugar involves pricking your finger with a lancet device (a small, sharp needle), putting a drop of blood on a test strip, using a blood sugar meter to display your results, recording the results in a log book, and then disposing the lancet and strips properly (in a â€Å"sharps† container or a hard plastic container, such as a laundry detergent bottle). Bring your blood sugar readings with you to your medical appointments so your health care provider can evaluate how well your blood sugar levels are controlled and determine if changes need to be made to your treatment plan. Your health care provider will show you how to use a glucose meter. He or she can also tell you where to get a meter. You may be able to borrow it from your hospital, as many hospitals have loaner meter programs for women with gestational diabetes. The goal of monitoring is to keep your blood sugar as close to normal as possible. The ranges include Time of TestTarget Blood Sugar Reading Before breakfastplasma below 105; whole blood below 95 2 Hours After Mealsplasma below 130; whole blood below 120 Insulin treatment is started if above levels are not maintained. Insulin for  Gestational Diabetes Based on your blood sugar monitoring results, your health care provider will tell you if you need to take insulin in the form of injections during pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone that controls blood sugar. If insulin is prescribed for you, you may be taught how to perform the insulin injection procedure. As your pregnancy progresses, the placenta will make more pregnancy hormones and larger doses of insulin may be needed to control your blood sugar. Your health care provider will adjust your insulin dosage based on your blood sugar log. When using insulin, a â€Å"low blood glucose reaction,† or hypoglycemia can occur if you do not eat enough food, skip a meal, do not eat at the right time of day, or if you exercise more than usual. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include Confusion, Dizziness, Feeling shaky, Headaches, Sudden hunger, Sweating, Weakness Hypoglycemia is a serious problem that needs to be treated right away. If you think you are having a low blood sugar reaction, check your blood sugar. If your blood sugar is less than 60 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter), eat a sugar-containing food, such as 1/2 cup of orange or apple juice; 1 cup of skim milk; 4-6 pieces of hard candy (not sugar-free); 1/2 cup regular soft drink; or 1 tablespoon of honey, brown sugar, or corn syrup. Fifteen minutes after eating one of the foods listed above, check your blood sugar. If it is still less than 60 mg/dL, eat another one of the food choices above. If it is more than 45 minutes until your next meal, eat a bread and protein source to prevent another reaction. Record all low blood sugar reactions in your log book, including the date, time of day the reaction occurred and how you treated it. Diet Change with Gestational Diabetes If you have gestational diabetes, follow these eating tips: Eat three small meals and two or three snacks at regular times every day. Do not skip meals or snacks. Carbohydrates should be 40%-45% of the total calories with breakfast and a bedtime snack containing 15-30 grams of carbohydrates. If you have morning sickness, eat 1-2 servings of crackers, cereal, or pretzels before getting out of bed. Eat small, frequent meals  throughout the day and avoid fatty, fried, and greasy foods. If you take insulin and have morning sickness, make sure you know how to treat low blood sugar. Choose foods high in fiber such as whole-grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice, fruits, and vegetables. All pregnant women should eat 20-35 grams of fiber a day. Fats should be less than 40% of calories with less than 10% consumed being from saturated fats. Drink at least 8 cups (or 64 ounces) of liquids per day. Make sure you are getting enough vitamins and minerals in your daily diet. Ask your health care provider about taking a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement to meet the nutritional needs of your pregnancy. Regular exercise during pregnancy can improve your posture and decrease some common discomforts such as backaches and fatigue. Being fit during pregnancy means safe, mild to moderate exercise at least three times a week. But, regardless of gestational diabetes, every pregnant woman should consult with her health care provider before beginning an exercise program. He or she can give you personal exercise guidelines, based on your medical history. Since both insulin and exercise lower blood sugar, you should follow these additional exercise guidelines to avoid a low blood glucose reaction: Always carry some form of sugar with you when exercising, such as glucose tablets or hard candy. Eat one serving of fruit or the equivalent of 15 grams of carbohydrate for most activities lasting 30 minutes. If you exercise right after a meal, eat this snack after exercise. If you exercise 2 hours or more after a meal, eat the snack before exercise. Pregnancy Weight Gain The recommended amount of weight gain during pregnancy depends on your pre-pregnancy weight, whether there is more than one fetus, and the trimester. Typically more weight gain is expected during the second and third trimester and recommended intakes of calories should increase at that time. Gaining the right amount of weight during pregnancy by eating a healthy, balanced diet is a good sign that your baby is getting all the nutrients he or she needs and is growing at a healthy rate. It is not necessary to â€Å"eat for two† during pregnancy. It’s true that you need extra calories from nutrient-rich foods to help your baby grow, but you generally  need to consume only 200 to 300 more calories per day than you did before you became pregnant to meet the needs of your growing baby. Ask your health care provider how much weight you should gain during pregnancy. A woman of average weight before pregnancy can expect to gain 25 to 35 pounds during pregnancy. You may need to gain more or less weight, depending on what your doctor recommends. In general, you should gain about 2-4 pounds during your first 3 months of pregnancy and 1 pound a week for the remainder of your pregnancy. Where the weight goes Baby8 pounds Placenta2-3 pounds Amniotic fluid2-3 pounds Breast tissue2-3 pounds Blood supply4 pounds Fat stores for delivery and breastfeeding5-9 pounds Uterus increase2-5 pounds Total25 to 35 pounds Baby After Delivery Your baby’s blood sugar level will be tested immediately after birth. If the blood sugar is low, he or she will be given sugar water to drink or by an intravenous tube in the vein. Your baby may be sent to a special care nursery for observation during the first few hours after birth to make sure he or she doesn’t have a low blood glucose reaction. If you had gestational diabetes, there is an increased risk that your newborn will develop jaundice. Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin that occurs when bilirubin is present in the baby’s blood. Bilirubin is a pigment that causes jaundice and is released when extra red blood cells build up in the blood and can’t be processed fast enough. Jaundice goes away rapidly with treatment that often involves exposing your baby to special lights to get rid of the pigment. Gestational diabetes does increase the risk that your child will have diabetes in the future. Usually with gestational diabetes, blood sugar levels return to normal about 6 weeks after childbirth because the placenta, which was producing the extra hormones that caused insulin  resistance, is gone. Your doctor will check your blood sugar levels after your baby is born to make sure your blood sugar level has returned to normal. Some doctors recommend an oral glucose tolerance test 6-8 weeks after delivery to check for diabetes. You should also be screened for diabetes in the future. Women who have had gestational diabetes have a 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later-in-life. By maintaining an ideal body weight, following a healthy diet, and exercising, you will be able to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In addition, women who have gestational diabetes during one pregnancy have a 40%-50% chance of developing diabetes in the next pregnancy. If you had gestational diabetes during one pregnancy and are planning to get pregnant again, talk to your health care provider first so you can make the necessary lifestyle changes before your next pregnancy. Get tips on eating right with Diabetes by consulting with a dietician or your primary care physician. Sources American Diabetes Association: â€Å"Gestational Diabetes.† Diabetes Care 2008 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: â€Å"Gestational Diabetes: A Guide for Pregnant Women.† August 2009 American College of Nurse Midwives: â€Å"Gestational Diabetes.† JMWH org. 135 2006

Green Branding Effects on Attitude

Introduction There have been a lot of literature reviews over the years on consumers’ behaviors towards green products as well as green marketing resulting from consumers’ concern on environmental protection. Using Hallin (1995) and McCarty and Shrum (2001), Lorache, Bergeron, and Barbaro-Forleo (2001) and Yam-Tang and Chan (1998), the study was conducted to test among New Zealand consumers’ behavior towards purchasing green products. This study was done on New Zealand’s consumer as the country has always been perceived as a â€Å"clean and green† country and its consumers were assumed with high environmental conscious.Review of the Literature The authors begin with a brief review of literature that supports the ideas that consumers’ indication of positive attitude towards environmental issues do not necessarily lead to actual environmental friendly purchasing behavior (Laroche et al. , 2002). This research provided theoretical and managerial implication. Theoretical implication is to add support to previous research which showed that consumers are concerned about the environment, but not necessarily prepared to seek out or buy green products (Foster, 1989: Wasik 1992).In terms of managerial implication, it provides indication to marketers on targeted consumers that purchase green products. This research also identified factors that discriminate between those who purchase green products and those who don’t. The authors point out the gaps in existing literature. They mentioned that most studies have focused on general environmental behavior. Therefore, the authors suggest studies on more specific consumers’ purchasing behavior are done. The authors conclude that their study provides some important contribution to the green marketing theory for future research agenda.Method of the Study The authors state they used qualitative choice models in analyzing participation in a variety of activities. Data collectio n from mail surveys that were sent to households in New Zealand are described in considerable detail. The authors state that â€Å"reliability test† of each construct was conducted to ensure reliability and validity of data obtained. The gathered information was retained for data analysis. Findings The analysis in this study was tested for green purchasing behavior only.Environmentally conscious behavior also relates to different types of behavior like recycling and energy saving. However, testing and literature on these behaviors was not mentioned in this study. In future, research on New Zealand consumers should also incorporate cultural and psychological factors. In Table 1, pp 97-98, number of tested respondents are 521 i. e. 296 male and 225 female. However, errors were spotted in this table where a total respondent is not consistent for other categories in the same analysis.For example for Age Group and Number of Dependant Children categories, numbers of respondents sud denly become 522. For other categories, total number of respondents reduced: Marital Status (520), Education Background (517), Household Income (498) and Ethnic Group (521). However, the statistical method used in this study is appropriate to determine factors that influence consumers’ purchasing behavior. Conclusion The authors relate their research findings with the overall purpose of the study i. e. to reveal that consumers behavior towards purchasing green products.From the study we learned that even if consumers are profess strong support towards environmental like New Zealanders, they are not necessary purchase green products. From other literatures, we found that similar results would also affecting consumers in other countries. This is because most consumers are more price sensitive, quality sensitive and brand sensitive/loyalty. Other factors affecting consumers’ behavior are socio-economic characteristic, convenience in locating products and transparent infor mation on green products label.In summary, further studies must be done and better procedures must be developed. Larger samples should be used to improve our understanding concerning the factors affecting consumers behavior. Suggestion for future research, analysis on respondents from other developed countries should also be undertaken for comparison purposes and it would further conclude the factors affecting consumers’ behavior globally. Information from the findings would assist marketers to strategies on green marketing.

Nervous Wedding Day

As the bright yellow-red sun settled along the seashore, the tan soft sand blew on my red like tomato face. I wondered if this uncomfortable scenery was going to be the same as for my angelic wedding in just two days. In just two days, I was marrying the love of my life and I couldn't be more nervous than a shaking and terrified pig at a slaughter house. The day came and this terrible humid weather made me sick, but when I saw my handsome soon to be husband with his glimmering eyes stare at my silky embroider dress, I melted like a popsicle during summer.My experience of this day was memorable because of the horrible weather, my panic attacks, and the fascinating union of my husband and I. All I could think about was how my sparkling makeup looked after the sweat drops that rolled throughout my skin. I kept asking myself why I let my husband choose the venue! The blue water looked as brilliant as the sunshine hit on it, causing such a humid weather. I thought to myself, â€Å"Are my guests going through this too? † I prayed that they wouldn’t be able to notice the nasty drops roaming on their face.As I was getting walked through the isle, all I could see were tiny like ants sweating gallons of drops. It couldn’t be possible, my family and friends were not too pleased. For a minute I felt like running away because of the embarrassment I felt towards my guests and their discomfort. Time was going as slow as the rain clouds reaching the dessert. Finally, the ceremony was over; it seemed like an eternity. Now it was time to jump and party! The humidity was long gone, the beautiful moon shone over my guests. Everything was too good to be true.We greeted the invites with a wide smile from ear to ear and a hug as tight as a corset. Our friends and family started getting served, until a horrible torment of wind came in. â€Å"Oh no! †, I shouted, first the humidity and now sand. My wedding was supposed to be as amazing and magical as a Disne y movie. I started with my horrible panic attacks. I lacked breath like a fish out of the sea, gasping for air. I saw my husband running as fast as a flash towards me, holding me and blowing air to my face with a paper fan. Slowly I recuperated from this horrible attack.I was relieved when I heard the manager from the venue say he was prepared for unexpected weather with his indoor ballroom. I felt like back in high school when the professor cancels a test you didn’t study for. Now that we were inside, nothing could go wrong! After all the troubles, my husband and I enjoyed the juicy chicken bathed in a special sauce, the eight stair white cake and the non-stop dancing of our wedding. I had forgotten the true meaning of this day because the conflicts we encountered. I had not realized that this was the day I married my highs school sweetheart.This was the day my heart, my soul, and all of me were unified to my other half. With the simple thought that I was going to spend the rest of my life with my husband, it made my heart pound so strong that I could hear it rumble in my ears. I felt a warm tingly sensation inside of me seeing myself reflected in the mirror with my long-tailed dress. My feelings moment before my wedding were immensely beautiful, feelings I had never experienced before. So many things went wrong on this day but as long as I went through them with my husband, it should be as easy as the breeze that blew at my wedding.My wedding day experience can be described as memorable. It was such a memorable day because of the horrible weather, my panic attacks, and the wonderful union of my husband and me. The horrible weather made me worried that the guests were as uncomfortable as a fat lady with a dress that doesn’t fit. My panic attacks wore me out just like the feeling after a three hour workout at the gym. This day was hectic and made me nervous, but knowing I had my husband next to me, made everything worth it. I wouldn’t chan ge this memorable day for anything†¦maybe just a better venue!

Japanese and centralization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Japanese and centralization - Essay Example However, in tandem with an understanding that centralization establishes and upholds a natural order, the piece also indicates that the â€Å"unsettled† minds of the people and the doubt that they have for the future is likely to create a significant hardship for any that would attempt to establish a further level of centralization or control over the territories. Likewise, the second document, entitled â€Å"The Capital, Taxes, and the Army†, written in 646 AD also compounds the importance and need for centralization. In such a way, the author focuses on the need to maintain a national army and the importance of subservience and loyalty that this army will have to the emperor. Yet, rather than focusing on how this could be established, the article returns to the competing interests of tribal warlords and those that might wish to have a disproportionately large say in the affairs of the newly created state. The undertone of the entire article is one that leaves the reader with little question that these types of individuals cannot be won over to the cause and must ultimately be coerced by force to engage in the process of centralization. Similarly, the third document, entitled â€Å"The Corruption of Local Officials†, focuses, not surprisingly, on the high levels of corruption being a stumbling block to further levels of centralization. With these local officials withholding money and tribute for themselves, the degree and extent to which a central emperor can raise taxes and have sway over a given region was obviously

Analysis of investment and management of portfolio Assignment

Analysis of investment and management of portfolio - Assignment Example The following part of the paper presents a detailed SWOT analysis and Porter’s five forces analysis of the Keppel Land Limited. SWOT analysis is used to analyze a company’s internal and external environments. By evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of an organization, one can assess the organization’s internal management efficiencies. In contrast, opportunities and threats assessment enables the marketer to get a clear view of the firm’s external environment. Diversified property business is one of the major strengths of Keppel Land. Since the company focuses on different areas of property business, it can take advantages of economies of scale and thus spread risk factors effectively. It is obvious that many areas of property business have seasonal demand variations, and this situation adversely affects firms that deal with limited number of property business segments. Therefore, diversified property business assists Keppel to keep its market position stable regardless of seasonal market fluctuations. Substantial asset portfolio is another notable strength of the organization. This strength adds to the firm’s market reputation and aids Keppel to easily capture investor attention. In addition, an improved asset portfolio benefits the organization to easily raise funds in times of needs. Finally, Keppel’s strong operational performance can also be considered as its potential strength. On the strength of better operational per formance, the firm can trim down its operating expenses to some extent. Furthermore, strong operational performance contributes to the organization’s good will. Increasing debt appears to be the major weakness of Keppel Land. The company largely uses debt financing approach to promote its expansion operations and this method adds to the firm’s net debts. Although debt financing is a potential approach to enhance an organization’s growth, over debt levels may threaten the firm’s long term sustainability.

The Civil Rights Movement Annotated Bibliography

The Civil Rights Movement - Annotated Bibliography Example Abstract: This book, edited by Jack Davis contains twelve essays that tackle the development of the civil right s movement that is supported by primary documents. With the emphasis on the chronology of events through a detailed timeline and the geographic scope of the movement, the book introduces the foundations of the movement, followed by the fight for labor and civil rights. It then discusses the white resistance and anticommunism, anti civil rights and why they oppose the movement. It is then followed by a discussion on the participants-liberals and moderates and the role of women. The discussion continues to the local-national relationships and grassroots level. Lastly, the book concludes its discussion on the attainment of black power and culture and political power.Dierenfield, Bruce J. The Civil Rights Movement. New York: Pearson Longman, 2008.Abstract: The book tells in vivid detail the extraordinary measures of ordinary African Americans to reclaim their rights. It argues that the movement has been one of the most important, or rather, the most important transformations of the United States as a country, a process that has brought so much turmoil, civil unrest, and violence. The brutality, hostility, and aggression towards the proponents of the civil rights movement caused these people to lose their jobs, homes, and even lives. It also highlights how racism brought about by slavery has impacted the mentality of the American people that put the black community at an inferior position.

Information Security and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Information Security and Ethics - Essay Example Organizational strategies (policies, leadership, training, etc.) specification is one policy that would be required where each employee has his or her computer, to prevent spread of viruses when one is infected. Further, the organization should control the sites in the network and also external devices plugged into to the computer. This can be appropriately be described as type of software that support advertisements. It displays or downloads a banner that is not wanted by the user, within his or her software. The software is most of the time embedded with the software of interest by the manufacturer, with the intent of sinking the cost of development. With regard to protecting the organization system from adware, the organization should ensure that, only licensed and registered software is purchased. They should also install antivirus to attack the abrupt advertisements. Furthermore, it should within the planning of the organization, to trades with licensed software producing companies. It should also ensure that employees have clear instruction as to whom to consult in case of software installation in their computers. The impact of the threat is that it can either corrupt the data or steal the information stored by the user. Example is the computer virus which decodes or corrupts the system information of the computer, autorun   It is defined as a malicious set of instructions that executes actions within the machine without user’s legal authorization. The impacts of Trojan include data copying, modification, blocking, deleting or even disruption of network and computer performances.   Installation of firewall, security passwords, and data encryption should be done. The local connection within the organization should have identification, such that; only those people permitted to access, can gain entry in to the system. Another threat experienced by the organizations is hackers. These are unwarranted users of network or computer. Their impact to

How Leadership and Team Working Might Improve the Career Prospects in Term Paper - 56

How Leadership and Team Working Might Improve the Career Prospects in the Field of Business Management - Term Paper Example Today’s modern organizations operate in an integrated economy that is highly competitive and demanding. This compels the organization to hire and retain employees who are multifaceted in terms of skill and knowledge would perform according to the level of competition that the business organization they are in.   Organizations would prefer employees who would already fit in the competitive world of business management and these employees are those who already have a wide range of knowledge in management issues such as leadership and team working because they already know the realities of business and is aware of what is expected from them. Thus it is imperative for employees to already have a wider knowledge in these management issues to improve their career prospect of being hired and promoted in a business organization when they graduate from college. This learning can begin right in the university as Cottrell advised students to determine early the purpose of their study i n the university to make it useful in life (2008). Employees who are already knowledgeable of wider management issues, such as leadership and team working already have the advantage over those who do not have them. This advantage is already apparent beginning at the hiring process. This means that employees who are already knowledgeable in a wide range of management issues such as leadership, teamwork, conflict resolution, project management already have a high learning curve that would make them effective in the job and could already be noticed during the hiring process.  Cottrell recommended active learning beginning in the university to become more effective in one’s professional life (2008) and the beginning of reckoning would be during the application process particularly during interview whereby interviewers will peer into the competence of applicants through a series of questions.        

The Effects of Dual Credit and Dual Enrollment on High School Students Essay

The Effects of Dual Credit and Dual Enrollment on High School Students - Essay Example To resolve this issue of seniors â€Å"blowing off the senior year† due to a lack of any substantial challenge, in 1973 the Project Advance program of Syracuse University was created (Andrews, 2004). Following this development the model was adopted by various institutions and consequently there was an emergence of a multitude of dual credit programs. In 1974, LaGuardia Community College, New York established the Middle College High School program targeting alienated and at risk students in typical high schools who potentially may not succeed in acquiring their diplomas (Lewis & Overman, 2008). Similar programs were adopted by Florida International University in 1982 (Partners in Progress) and Kingsborough Community College in 1984 (College Now). Motivated by the success of the Minnesota dual credit program, Washington State passed the ‘Running Start’ program in 1990 which allowed juniors and seniors with necessary qualifications to take college level courses at te chnical and community colleges without having to pay college tuition. In 1994 this was expanded to incorporate four year universities if there were no community colleges in the high school district (Kim & Bragg, 2008; Board, 2011) In 2004, the legislature founded House Bill 3103 which established federal guidelines tailored to provide assistance to high schools via increasing the magnitude of dual credit programs, expanding the breadth of the curriculum of these programs, and tutoring/mentoring students to aid in a seamless transition into postsecondary educational institutions (Washington State Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2005). Definitional Issues Opinion is divided among experts regarding the proper terminology that should be accorded to the opportunity provided to high school students to attend college classes which generate credits at both high school and college levels. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board defines a dual credit course as one that includes academic as well as technical courses. For the present purpose, dual enrollment hereon is defined following Klein (2007, p.23) as â€Å"courses that allow high school students to receive both high school and college credit simultaneo usly†. These modules are typically taught by professors or adjunct instructors belonging to the institution, and the same classes are attended by college and high school students. Concurrent enrollment for early-college high schools is also located on the college campus but only high school students attend class. The Early College High School, founded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation in 2002 serves traditionally underrepresented students by enabling them to access the simultaneous pursuit of college credits and a high school (American Institute for Research, 2009). Because they are easier to implement as well as less expensive, concurrent and dual enrollments have gained greater popularity (Karp & Bailey, April 2005). Kim & Bragg (2008) additionally distinguish articulated credit courses such as career and technical education, International Baccalaureate and Advanced Placement which only allow high school students to apply for the college credits. The present literatur e review will restrict its focus to concurrent and dual credit courses. Notably, these courses have the twin fold benefit of assisting a high school student either to an academic career or into the workforce (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2011). The paper will primarily address the following questions: 1. What are the principal benefits and major concerns for students who participate in dual enrollment/dual credit programs? 2. What are the central advantages and disadvantages for partnering institutions? 3. What

Data Protection Act impact on Security on Canada (IT Security) Essay

Data Protection Act impact on Security on Canada (IT Security) - Essay Example It is necessary to ensure that every organization’s foreign organization follows the same requirements that would apply for Canadian operations, if the information is being transferred for processing. This can be achieved by entering into a contract or legal agreement with the other party â€Å"and adherence to the agreement that the foreign organization must work by the requirements of the Act, the OECD is an instance of such agreements.† (http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/fsj/privacy/thridcountries/adequacy-faq_en.htm) Many members of the OECD in the European now have legislations in place, which apply the Privacy Protection Guidelines to the private and public sectors. As a result of this, the most recent OECD analysis on access and supply rights recognizes that: 1. Governments may have a right to block the transfer or broadcast of information between a supplier and potential customer(s) if the information may be considered to endanger national security or to conflict with societal norms on censorship or data protection 2. Third party individuals may require the right to block transfer or broadcast of information between a supplier and potential customer(s) if the information relates to the privacy of the individual. (OECD, 1990, pp. 47) Every organization considers its data pool and its information resources to be invaluable assets, and thus will apply the necessary security strategies in order to protect its information in a way to safeguard its interests. The data protection act helps in avoiding any breach of security that might affect data privacy. The Data protection act requires the implementation of standardized strategies for a secure data management. Every organization is required to assess its own security practices, because necessary security provisions might involve the development and implementation of security policies to protect private data and information. Thus, security

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 92

Assignment - Essay Example Experience is the best teacher, they say. Experience is something that people go through in the course of their lifetime that instills new knowledge to them. A teacher, therefore, may not only be in human form. A successful teaching process is one in which both the teacher and the student end up satisfied with the action. The knowledge has to be passed in a particular way so that the teacher ends up fulfilled, and the student understands. For a teaching method to be successful, there should be a definite goal (Ingvarson, 2013). A goal is a definition of what people desire to achieve. The lesson objective should, therefore, be clear, and the student should know what they should make by studying that particular subject. The goal is the main reason for a study subject, and it acts to the level of knowledge attained. The goal should, therefore, be clear, precise and to the point. A successful teaching method should deal with specific educational content. Research findings have continuously confirmed that it is more difficult to concentrate on a full field of view than on a particular scope or subject (Rodgers, 2014). Educational material is therefore divided into subjects, topics and subtopics. There should also be a large scope of educational activities, apart from the basic classroom part. Activities like physical education and subject experiments should be part of the learning activity. Time is an essential factor for the success of every activity in life. Teaching should, therefore, include a drafted calendar for the activities that the students expect to take place at different intervals of the day. The schedule should contain no unnecessary information and should be very precise and understandable. The teacher should also provide the feedback to the learner. There should be regular updates on how the student is progressing and the areas that need improvement. The whole objective of the teaching process is to ensure that the

Unprofessional Athletes Essay Example for Free

Unprofessional Athletes Essay Back in the year 1860, the Pony Express was known to be the fastest and most efficient method of sending mail. It had taken approximately ten days for a horse to travel across the country and deliver the parcels to their recipients, an astonishingly short amount of time for the people of that particular era. A little over 150 years after the inception of the Pony Express, technological advances have been made and it is safe to say that a simple message to a friend no longer takes ten days to send, nor does it travel by horse. Now, in the year 2012, a message can be sent simply with a few clicks on a keyboard or a couple clicks of a cell phone. Along with the gratification that comes along with knowing that your message was sent and received instantly, there comes a few dangers. These hazards become a greater risk for those individuals who are in the spotlight, especially professional athletes. If an athlete makes a controversial remark about any issue, he makes himself subject to mass public scrutiny; from there, the athlete may lose the respect of his fans, supporters, and even teammates based on his stance on the particular topic. An athlete may be so preoccupied by social media and how the world perceives them that he may lose focus on his main goal, which is performing well in his sport. Many professional sports leagues have rules set in place against athletes expressing their opinions of certain sports-related topics on social media, so if a player steps out of line and disobeys one of these rules he is subject to a heavy fine enforced by the league’s officials. Social media shouldn’t be used by professional athletes because of the intense microscope they are under on an everyday basis. Professional athletes have a huge following while participating in their craft, but once they enter the world of social media, especially Twitter, some athletes see this crowd start to dwindle down. Many believe that although fans may root for a player during a game, it does not necessarily translate into support off the field in their social life., In Mark Emmons’ Mercury News article entitled â€Å"Amid Giants World Series, Twitter gives fans a glimpse into athletes lives,† Harry Edwards, a UC Berkeley professor emeritus of sociology, states that: The [San Francisco] 49ers want guys to interact with fans, but they want them to be smart because when you put something out there, its out there forever. It could end up in your obituary. But its important that fans can feel like they can talk to an athlete and say, Maybe it was a tough day at the office for you guys Sunday, but youll get em next week. Figure.1 Stoudemires actions on Twitter epitomize that anything that is done over social media can be publicized and scrutinized in an instant. Figure.1 Stoudemires actions on Twitter epitomize that anything that is done over social media can be publicized and scrutinized in an instant. Although he has always been on rival opposing teams, Amar’e Stoudemire had been one of my favorite NBA players to watch due to his toughness and high-flying ability. When I first joined Twitter in 2011 he was one of the first people that I knew I had to follow. Unlike some athletes before him, he was—by most people’s standards—a respected professional basketball player who did most of his trash talking between the basketball court’s lines rather than blowing up on Twitter after a game. However, during late June of this year, Stoudemire’s reputation and fan following took a major hit after he angrily messaged a fan in response to the fan’s tweet questioning Stoudemire’s performance on the court. In the direct message as shown in Figure 1.1, Stoudemire uses slanderous and even anti-gay slurs which are blocked out with black boxes. Although he apoligized after the picture went viral, the damage had already been done and his reputation had taken a permanent hit. Stoudemire had begun to lose long-time supporters, including myself, because of the reaction he had to a simple criticism he received over Twitter. Everything an athlete does, especially over social media websites, is heavily scrutinized and can land him in an uncomfortable and unwanted position in the public. All professional athletes must be aware of the fact that with all of the intense training that they put forth in hopes of perfecting their particular craft, social media outlets, especially Twitter and Facebook, can provide unnecessary distractions that may interfere with their performance. It has become such an addiction to some players that they cannot bear to go a whole game without tweeting or writing a status update about their team’s performance. A few years ago during halftime of a game against the Boston Celtics, Charlie Villanueva of the Milwaukee Bucks tweeted this, leading to then-head coach Scott Skiles banning Twitter use during games: â€Å"In da locker room, snuck to post my twitt. Were playing the Celtics, tie ball game at da half. Coach wants more toughness. I gotta step up. (si.com â€Å"Twitter Trouble†) The pressures put on athletes by fans is not only felt here in the United States, but also on a global level. Before the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, Australian swimmer Emily Seebohm was by far the favorite to win in the 100-meter backstroke, but was just edged out by American teenager Missy Franklin. When asked about her performance, Seebohm claimed to have been distracted by all of the posts from friends and fans back in her home country, causing a lack of sleep and mental preparation that goes into earning a gold medal at the Olympics. (The Telegraph) Professional athletes around the world should not be using any social media or social networking devices because of the negative impact it can have on their on-field performance and thus blocking them from reaching their maximum potential and skill level. It is a necessity for athletes to be cautious with their word choice because of the fines they may receive as a result of their comments. In an April 2012 Time magazine, then Miami Marlins manager Ozzie Guillen blurted out that he loved and respected oppressive Cuban leader Fidel Castro for his unwillingness to be caught and brought down by those looking to end his reign as tyrant. (Time Magazine) These comments were not well received by the Miami community—made up of mostly Cuban immigrants who fled the country to escape from its unruly dictator. Guillen received a five game suspension, but the stain on his reputation was never completely removed. Since the preseason comments made regarding Castro, Guillen continued to make negative comments about his team’s performance, leading to multiple fines from the team’s owner and a loss of respect from a city as a whole. On October 23,2012, just over a year from initially being hired as the Marlins’ manager, Guillen was fired because of a combination of lack of wins on the field and an excess of controversial remarks made off the field of play. Athletes and coaches both need to watch whatever they say to the media or on a social networking site because of the ramifications that the comments may have with the team or sponsors they are currently working for. Many sports fans, myself included, agree that they enjoy witnessing and reading about how the everyday lifestyle of a professional athlete plays out through social media outlets. Despite the enjoyment that I experience from getting an inside glimpse of a professional athlete’s life, I do realize the issue that they may not be setting a prime model for the younger generation that look up to them. No, not all athletes are monsters made out to destroy a child’s innocence through their Twitter, but there are enough poor examples in the world to raise the question of whether or not these athletes should have their own social media outlets due to the issue of molding a younger generation into respectable adults that didn’t have their â€Å"hero’s† identity ripped away by one careless tweet or status update sent out. In the social media world we live in the question is not whether or not we enjoy seeing an athlete’s life play out over Twitter or any other social media outlet, but whether or not the material they post is ethical enough to keep their â€Å"professional† status. We are constantly told that our generation is going through a technological revolution. In fact, new, simpler ways of communicating with each other are being invented every day. However, there is one group that has to be more cautious of what they send out over these social outlets than the rest of us do, celebrities, and in particular athletes. Athletes are constantly being thrown under the spotlight for controversial Figure 2 Although Rashard Mendenhall is exercising his right to free speech, his remarks garnered much animosity toward him and his team. Figure 2 Although Rashard Mendenhall is exercising his right to free speech, his remarks garnered much animosity toward him and his team. remarks made on social media websites, from Rashard Mendenhall of the Pittsburgh Steelers criticizing people for celebrating the death of Osama bin Laden (Figure 2) to TJ Lang of the Green Bay Packers bashing replacement referees for a blown last second call that cost his team the game. These statements made by athletes can cause them to lose fans across the country and possibly the globe. Social media also provides unwanted distractions to athletes everywhere that may take their mind off of performing to their utmost capability. Also, it can become such a problem that a team may eventually cut or fire a player based off of previous controversial comments made by the athlete. Professional athletes shouldn’t have access to social media outlets, despite the amusement fans see from their day-to-day access. Works Cited Babel, Ryan. â€Å"Twitter Trouble. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/0911/twitter.trouble/content.5.ht ml. Berman, Len. Trending Stories. Mashable. N.p., 4 Jan. 2010. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. http://mashable.com/2010/01/04/social-media-athletes/. Ottesen, Didrik. London 2012 Olympics: Australian Swimmer Emily Seebohm Blames Twitter and Facebook for Failure. Editorial. The Telegraph [London] 31 July 2012: n. pag. The Telegraph. 31 July 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/9440774/London-2012-Olympics- Australian-swimmer-Emily-Seebohm-blames-Twitter-and-Facebook-for-failure.html. Ortiz, Maria B. Twitter Gaffes Begat Punishment for Athletes. ESPN. Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, 27 July 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/fandom/post/_/id/7495/voula-papachristou-inspires- twitter-fail-list.